Driving Safety Analysis Using Grid-Based Water-Filled Rut Depth Distribution

The water accumulated in the rutted road sections poses a threat to safety of vehicles. Water-filled ruts will cause partial or complete loss friction between tires and surface, leading driving hazards such as hydroplaning sliding. At present, maximum depth left right is mostly adopted analyze water-filled ruts, ignoring uneven change direction cross-section direction, which cannot fully reflect actual impact asymmetric longitudinal on vehicle. In order explore safety, three-dimensional (3D) tire-road finite element model established this paper calculate adhesion coefficient tire surface. Moreover, 3D rut-adhesion vehicle simulated by dynamics software CarSim. addition, influence difference quantitatively analyzed, prediction for rut established. results case study show that (1) length dangerous based skidding longer than hydroplaning, underestimated 9.4%–100%; (2) speed drops from 120 km/h 80 km/h, obtained sliding analysis reduced 93.8%. Therefore, ensure limit controlled within not skid. proposed method provides good foundation vehicles actively respond situation section.